🦷❤️DMER 2023 exams❤️ Dental technician 🦷 assistant dental technician 🦷 syllabus short review
Applied Physics & Mechanics
Applied Physics & Mechanics for Dental Technician Exams Syllabus
Introduction:
Dental technicians play a vital role in the dental healthcare system. They work closely with dentists, orthodontists, and other oral healthcare professionals to design, produce, and repair dental prosthetics. This article covers all the topics from Applied Physics & Mechanics that are necessary for dental technician exams syllabus.
Applied Physics & Mechanics:
Applied Physics & Mechanics is an essential branch of physics that deals with the application of physical principles in various fields of engineering and technology. It involves the study of the laws of motion, thermodynamics, vibrations, and waves, among others. The following are the important concepts in Applied Physics & Mechanics that are relevant to dental technician exams syllabus.
1. Mechanics:
Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of the motion of objects and the forces that cause the motion. In dental technology, mechanics is used to understand the behavior of materials such as metals, ceramics, and polymers. Understanding the mechanical properties of these materials is crucial in designing and producing dental prosthetics.
a) Newton's Laws of Motion
Newton's Laws of Motion are fundamental principles that describe the behavior of objects in motion. These laws are relevant to dental technology because they help to understand the dynamics of the jaw, tongue, and other body parts involved in the movement of teeth. The three laws of motion are:
i) First Law: Law of inertia - An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will continue in motion until acted upon by an external force.
ii) Second Law: Law of acceleration - The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
iii) Third Law: Law of action and reaction - For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
b) Stress and Strain
Stress and strain are mechanical properties that are used to understand the behavior of materials under external forces. Stress is defined as the force per unit area applied to a material, and strain is the deformation per unit length caused by the applied stress.
i) Tensile Stress and Strain
In dental technology, tensile stress and strain are relevant when designing and producing dental prosthetics. Tensile stress and strain occur when external forces are applied to the prosthesis, causing it to stretch. These properties must be understood to ensure the prosthesis can withstand the forces exerted on it during use.
ii) Compressive Stress and Strain
Compressive stress and strain occur when external forces are applied to the prosthesis, causing it to compress. These properties are essential to understand when designing and producing dental implants, which must withstand the forces exerted on them by the jawbone.
2. Thermodynamics:
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of heat and temperature and their relationship to other forms of energy. In dental technology, thermodynamics is used to understand
Applied Oral Anatomy for Dental Technician Exams DMER
Introduction:
Oral anatomy is the branch of anatomy that deals with the study of the structure, development, and function of oral tissues. It forms an integral part of dental education and practice. A sound knowledge of oral anatomy is essential for dental technicians as they are responsible for designing and fabricating oral prosthetics. This article covers all the topics from Applied Oral Anatomy that are necessary for dental technician exams DMER.
Applied Oral Anatomy:
The Oral Cavity:
The oral cavity is the opening in the face that includes the lips, cheeks, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, and other structures. The oral cavity serves several functions, including speech, communication, and the digestion of food. Understanding the structure and function of the oral cavity is essential for dental technicians.
The Tongue:
The tongue is a muscular organ located within the oral cavity. It is responsible for a wide range of functions, including speech, taste perception, and food manipulation. The tongue is composed of intrinsic muscles that control its shape and position, and extrinsic muscles that connect it to other structures within the oral cavity. The tongue must be considered during the fabrication of oral prosthetics as it plays a crucial role in the retention and stability of dental appliances.
The Teeth:
The teeth are the primary structures responsible for mastication and speaking. They are composed of three main layers: the enamel, dentin, and pulp. The enamel, the outermost layer of the tooth, is the hardest tissue in the human body, and it serves to protect the underlying structures from wear and tear. Dentin is a softer tissue that supports the enamel and forms the bulk of the tooth structure. The pulp is located within the center of the tooth and contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. The teeth must be carefully considered during the fabrication of oral prosthetics, as their shape, position, and alignment are essential for optimal function and esthetics.
The Periodontium:
The periodontium is the group of tissues that support the teeth. It includes the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Understanding the structure and function of the periodontium is essential for dental technicians as they must consider these structures during the fabrication of oral prosthetics. The gingiva, or gums, form a barrier between the tooth and the surrounding tissues and provide both protective and supportive functions. The periodontal ligament connects the tooth to the surrounding alveolar bone and provides shock absorption during mastication. The cementum covers the root surface of the tooth and provides attachment for the periodontal ligament. The alveolar bone supports the teeth and provides a socket for their implantation.
Salivary Glands in Applied Oral Anatomy
Salivary glands are an important part of the human oral cavity. They are responsible for producing saliva, which helps in the digestion of food and protects the oral cavity from bacterial infections. Salivary glands are divided into three types: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual.
Parotid Glands:
The parotid glands are the largest of the three salivary glands. They are located in front of the ears and produce a watery type of saliva. The parotid gland duct opens into the oral cavity opposite the second upper molar tooth. These glands can be affected by viral infections or tumors which may cause them to swell and become painful.
Submandibular Glands:
The submandibular glands are located beneath the jaw and produce a mixed type of saliva that is both watery and mucous. The submandibular gland duct opens into the oral cavity underneath the tongue. These glands can also become inflamed or infected, leading to swelling and pain.
Sublingual Glands:
The sublingual glands are the smallest of the three salivary glands. They are located under the tongue and produce a mucous type of saliva. There are multiple small sublingual ducts that open into the floor of the mouth.
Functions of Saliva:
Saliva plays a vital role in maintaining the health of the oral cavity. It protects teeth from decay by neutralizing acids produced by bacteria and providing minerals such as calcium and fluoride. Saliva also helps in the digestion of food by moistening and lubricating the mouth and throat. It prevents dryness of the mouth, which can lead to bad breath and gum disease.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, salivary glands are an essential part of the oral cavity, producing saliva that has various functions such as aiding in digestion, fighting against bacteria, and maintaining oral hygiene. A sound knowledge of the salivary glands and their functions is crucial for dental technicians as they design and fabricate oral prosthetics, which need to function harmoniously with the natural oral tissues.
Dental Materials and Metallurgy for Dental Technician DMER Exams
Introduction:
Dental materials and metallurgy are the foundation of dental technology. A dental technician must have a thorough understanding of these topics to design and fabricate dental prosthetics. This article covers all the topics from dental materials and metallurgy that are necessary for dental technician DMER exams. Additionally, 30 MCQs have been provided at the end of the article with answers to help students assess their knowledge on each topic.
Dental Materials:
Dental materials are used in the fabrication of various types of dental prosthetics, such as dentures, bridges, and implants. The properties of dental materials are critical in determining their suitability for use in the oral cavity. The following are some of the dental materials commonly used in dental technology:
1. Acrylic Resins:
Acrylic resins are widely used in the fabrication of dentures. They are easy to manipulate, have good aesthetic properties, and are relatively inexpensive. However, they are not very durable and can wear down over time.
2. Porcelain:
Porcelain is a ceramic material that is used in the fabrication of crowns, bridges, and veneers. It has excellent aesthetic properties, resembling natural teeth, and is highly durable. However, porcelain is brittle, making it susceptible to chipping or cracking.
3. Metals:
Metals such as gold, silver, and titanium are commonly used in the fabrication of dental prosthetics. Metals have excellent mechanical properties, making them ideal for use in stress-bearing areas of the mouth. However, they are not aesthetically pleasing and may cause allergies in some patients.
4. Composites:
Composite resins are a mixture of various materials, such as glass or quartz fillers and a resin matrix. They are used in the fabrication of dental fillings and as a replacement for amalgam fillings. Composites have good aesthetic properties, are relatively inexpensive, and can bond easily to tooth structure. However, they are not as durable as metallic restorations.
Metallurgy:
Metallurgy is the study of metals and their properties. It is an essential topic for dental technicians, as they need to have a good understanding of the metallurgical properties of various dental materials. Some of the key topics covered in dental technician DMER exams syllabus on metallurgy are:
1. Crystal Structures:
The crystal structure of a metal defines its physical and mechanical properties. Knowledge of the crystal structures of metals is essential in the selection of suitable dental materials.
2. Phase Diagrams:
Phase diagrams are used to determine the stability of various phases of a metal at different temperatures and pressures. Dental technicians need to have a good understanding of the phase diagrams of various metals, especially those used in dental prosthetics.
3. Heat Treatment:
Heat treatment is used to modify the properties of a metal by altering its microstructure. This process is critical in the fabrication of dental prosthetics, as it affects the strength, ductility,
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