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Physiology -
Topics - vitamins, blood and it's components, circulatory shock , immunity
1. Which of the following types of anemia is characterized by a deficiency of iron in the body?
a) Aplastic anemia
b) Sickle cell anemia
c) Iron deficiency anemia
d) Hemolytic anemia
Answer: c) Iron deficiency anemia
2. Anemia caused by a decrease in the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow is known as:
a) Hemolytic anemia
b) Aplastic anemia
c) Megaloblastic anemia
d) Sickle cell anemia
Answer: b) Aplastic anemia
3. Which type of anemia is inherited and characterized by abnormal hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to have a sickle shape?
a) Aplastic anemia
b) Hemolytic anemia
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Iron deficiency anemia
Answer: c) Sickle cell anemia
4. Anemia caused by destruction of red blood cells at an accelerated rate is known as:
a) Iron deficiency anemia
b) Aplastic anemia
c) Hemolytic anemia
d) Megaloblastic anemia
Answer: c) Hemolytic anemia
5. Anemia characterized by enlarged red blood cells and a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate is called:
a) Megaloblastic anemia
b) Sickle cell anemia
c) Hemolytic anemia
d) Aplastic anemia
Answer: a) Megaloblastic anemia
6. Anemia caused by a genetic disorder that leads to abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin chains is known as:
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Aplastic anemia
c) Hemolytic anemia
d) Thalassemia
Answer: d) Thalassemia
7. Anemia resulting from a chronic disease or underlying condition such as kidney disease or cancer is called:
a) Aplastic anemia
b) Iron deficiency anemia
c) Anemia of chronic disease
d) Hemolytic anemia
Answer: c) Anemia of chronic disease
8. Anemia caused by a deficiency of intrinsic factor, leading to impaired absorption of vitamin B12, is known as:
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Hemolytic anemia
c) Aplastic anemia
d) Pernicious anemia
Answer: d) Pernicious anemia
9. Anemia caused by excessive blood loss, such as from trauma or gastrointestinal bleeding, is called:
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Hemolytic anemia
c) Iron deficiency anemia
d) Aplastic anemia
Answer: c) Iron deficiency anemia
10. Anemia characterized by the destruction of red blood cells due to an autoimmune response is known as:
a) Hemolytic anemia
b) Thalassemia
c) Pernicious anemia
d) Aplastic anemia
Answer: a) Hemolytic anemia
Remember, these questions and answers are provided for educational purposes only and should not be considered as medical advice. It's important to consult a healthcare professional for accurate diagnosis and guidance on specific medical conditions.
1. Which vitamin is classified as a fat-soluble vitamin?
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin B12
c) Vitamin A
d) Vitamin K
Answer: c) Vitamin A
2. Vitamin D is primarily responsible for:
a) Enhancing calcium absorption
b) Improving night vision
c) Supporting blood clotting
d) Boosting the immune system
Answer: a) Enhancing calcium absorption
3. Which vitamin is involved in the formation of collagen and the maintenance of healthy connective tissues?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
Answer: b) Vitamin C
4. Vitamin K plays a crucial role in:
a) Promoting healthy skin and vision
b) Maintaining strong bones and teeth
c) Blood clotting
d) Energy metabolism
Answer: c) Blood clotting
5. Which vitamin is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous system and the synthesis of red blood cells?
a) Vitamin B12
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin K
d) Vitamin E
Answer: a) Vitamin B12
6. Pellagra, a disease characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia, is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin B12
d) Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Answer: d) Vitamin B3 (niacin)
7. Beriberi, a condition marked by muscle weakness, nerve damage, and cardiovascular problems, is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin B12
d) Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Answer: d) Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
8. Rickets, a disorder causing weak and deformed bones in children, is primarily caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin B12
d) Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Answer: b) Vitamin D
9. Night blindness is a common symptom associated with a deficiency of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin B12
d) Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Answer: a) Vitamin A
10. Which vitamin is essential for blood cell production and is often given as a supplement to pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects?
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin K
d) Vitamin B9 (folate)
Answer: d) Vitamin B9 (folate)
11. Scurvy, a condition characterized by bleeding gums, joint pain, and fatigue, is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin B12
d) Vitamin E
Answer: a) Vitamin C
12. Which vitamin functions as an antioxidant and helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
Answer: d) Vitamin E
13. Xerophthalmia, a condition leading to dryness and damage to the cornea, is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin B12
d) Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Answer: a) Vitamin A
Here are 10 multiple-choice questions with answers on immunity and immunoglobulins in human physiology:
1. Which of the following is the primary function of the immune system?
a) Regulation of body temperature
b) Maintenance of fluid balance
c) Protection against foreign pathogens
d) Production of hormones
Answer: c) Protection against foreign pathogens
2. The cells responsible for initiating an immune response by recognizing and presenting antigens to other immune cells are called:
a) T cells
b) B cells
c) Macrophages
d) Natural killer cells
Answer: c) Macrophages
3. Which of the following is an example of a non-specific, innate immune response?
a) Antibody production
b) Memory cell formation
c) Phagocytosis
d) Cell-mediated immunity
Answer: c) Phagocytosis
4. Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are produced by:
a) T cells
b) B cells
c) Macrophages
d) Natural killer cells
Answer: b) B cells
5. Which immunoglobulin is the first antibody produced during an immune response and is involved in activating other components of the immune system?
a) IgA
b) IgD
c) IgE
d) IgM
Answer: d) IgM
6. Immunoglobulin responsible for providing long-term immunity and memory against specific pathogens is:
a) IgA
b) IgD
c) IgE
d) IgG
Answer: d) IgG
7. Which immunoglobulin is found in body secretions such as saliva, tears, and breast milk, providing localized immunity in mucosal surfaces?
a) IgA
b) IgD
c) IgE
d) IgM
Answer: a) IgA
8. Immunoglobulin associated with allergic reactions and defense against parasites is:
a) IgA
b) IgD
c) IgE
d) IgM
Answer: c) IgE
9. The transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus through the placenta or to the newborn through breast milk is an example of:
a) Active immunity
b) Passive immunity
c) Innate immunity
d) Cell-mediated immunity
Answer: b) Passive immunity
10. Which type of immunity is acquired through vaccination or exposure to a pathogen and involves the production of memory cells?
a) Active immunity
b) Passive immunity
c) Innate immunity
d) Cell-mediated immunity
Answer: a) Active immunity
Please note that these questions and answers are provided for educational purposes only and should not be considered as medical advice.
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